45 Zypper-komentoa Suse Linux -pakettien hallinnan hallitsemiseksi
SUSE (Software and System Entwicklung (Saksa) tarkoittaa ohjelmistoja ja järjestelmän kehittämistä, englanniksi) Linux on Novellin tuoman Linux-ytimen päällä. SUSE on saatavana kahdessa pakkauksessa. Yksi niistä on nimeltään OpenSUSE, joka on vapaasti saatavilla (sekä puheessa että viinissä). Se on yhteisölähtöinen projekti, joka on täynnä uusinta sovellustukea. Uusin vakaa OpenSUSE Linux -julkaisu on 13.2.
Toinen on SUSE Linux Enterprise, joka on kaupallinen Linux-jakelu, joka on suunniteltu erityisesti yrityksiä ja tuotantoa varten. SUSE Linux Enterprise Edition sisältää useita yrityssovelluksia ja ominaisuuksia, jotka soveltuvat tuotantoympäristöön, SUSE Linux Enterprise Editionin viimeisin vakaa julkaisu on 12.
Voit tarkistaa SUSE Linux Enterprise Serverin yksityiskohtaiset asennusohjeet osoitteesta:
- SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12: n asennus
Zypper ja YaST ovat RPM: n lisäksi toimivan SUSE Linuxin paketinhallinta.
YaST, joka tarkoittaa toista asetustyökalua, on YaST, joka toimii OpenSUSE- ja SUSE Enterprise -versioissa SUSE Linuxin hallintaan, asetuksiin ja määrityksiin.
Zypper on ZYpp-paketinhallinnan komentoriviliittymä SUSE: n asentamiseen, poistamiseen ja päivittämiseen. ZYpp on paketinhallintamoottori, joka käyttää sekä Zypperiä että YaST: ää.
Tässä artikkelissa näemme Zypperin toiminnassa, joka asentaa, päivittää, poistaa ja tekee kaikki muut paketinhallinnan tekemät asiat. Nyt sitä mennään…
Tärkeää: Muista, että kaikki nämä komennot on tarkoitettu järjestelmän laajuisiin muutoksiin, joten ne on suoritettava pääkäyttäjänä, muuten komento epäonnistuu.
Zypperin perustoiminnon saaminen
1. Suorita zypper ilman mitään vaihtoehtoa, saat luettelon kaikista globaaleista vaihtoehdoista ja komennoista.
# zypper Usage: zypper [--global-options]
2. Saadaksesi apua tiettyyn komentoon sanomalla ”sisään” (asenna), suorita alla olevat komennot.
# zypper help in
OR
# zypper help install
install (in) [options] <capability|rpm_file_uri> ...
Install packages with specified capabilities or RPM files with specified
location. A capability is NAME[.ARCH][OP], where OP is one
of <, <=, =, >=, >.
Command options:
--from <alias|#|URI> Select packages from the specified repository.
-r, --repo <alias|#|URI> Load only the specified repository.
-t, --type Type of package (package, patch, pattern, product, srcpackage).
Default: package.
-n, --name Select packages by plain name, not by capability.
-C, --capability Select packages by capability.
-f, --force Install even if the item is already installed (reinstall),
downgraded or changes vendor or architecture.
--oldpackage Allow to replace a newer item with an older one.
Handy if you are doing a rollback. Unlike --force
it will not enforce a reinstall.
--replacefiles Install the packages even if they replace files from other,
already installed, packages. Default is to treat file conflicts
as an error. --download-as-needed disables the fileconflict check.
......
3. Etsi paketti (esimerkiksi gnome-desktop) ennen asennusta.
# zypper se gnome-desktop Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' metadata ............................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' cache .................................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ......................................................... [done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ...............................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' metadata ..............................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' cache ...................................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' metadata ...........................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' cache ................................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' metadata ...................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' cache ........................................................[done] Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... S | Name | Summary | Type --+---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+----------- | gnome-desktop2-lang | Languages for package gnome-desktop2 | package | gnome-desktop2 | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package | libgnome-desktop-2-17 | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package | libgnome-desktop-3-10 | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package | libgnome-desktop-3-devel | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Development Files | package | libgnome-desktop-3_0-common | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Common data files | package | gnome-desktop-debugsource | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop | package | gnome-desktop-sharp2-debugsource | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop-sharp2 | package | gnome-desktop2-debugsource | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop2 | package | libgnome-desktop-2-17-debuginfo | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-2-17 | package | libgnome-desktop-3-10-debuginfo | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3-10 | package | libgnome-desktop-3_0-common-debuginfo | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3_0-common | package | libgnome-desktop-2-17-debuginfo-32bit | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-2-17 | package | libgnome-desktop-3-10-debuginfo-32bit | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3-10 | package | gnome-desktop-sharp2 | Mono bindings for libgnome-desktop | package | libgnome-desktop-2-devel | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Development Files | package | gnome-desktop-lang | Languages for package gnome-desktop | package | libgnome-desktop-2-17-32bit | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package | libgnome-desktop-3-10-32bit | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package | gnome-desktop | The GNOME Desktop API Library | srcpackage
4. Hanki tietoa kuviopaketista (sanotaan lamp_server) seuraavan komennon avulla.
# zypper info -t pattern lamp_server Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Information for pattern lamp_server: ------------------------------------ Repository: openSUSE-13.2-Update Name: lamp_server Version: 20141007-5.1 Arch: x86_64 Vendor: openSUSE Installed: No Visible to User: Yes Summary: Web and LAMP Server Description: Software to set up a Web server that is able to serve static, dynamic, and interactive content (like a Web shop). This includes Apache HTTP Server, the database management system MySQL, and scripting languages such as PHP, Python, Ruby on Rails, or Perl. Contents: S | Name | Type | Dependency --+-------------------------------+---------+----------- | apache2-mod_php5 | package | | php5-iconv | package | i | patterns-openSUSE-base | package | i | apache2-prefork | package | | php5-dom | package | | php5-mysql | package | i | apache2 | package | | apache2-example-pages | package | | mariadb | package | | apache2-mod_perl | package | | php5-ctype | package | | apache2-doc | package | | yast2-http-server | package | | patterns-openSUSE-lamp_server | package |
5. Avaa zypper shell -istunto suorittamalla seuraava komento.
# zypper shell OR # zypper sh zypper> help Usage: zypper [--global-options]
Huomaa: Zypper-komentotyypissä "help" saat luettelon globaaleista vaihtoehdoista ja komennoista.
Zypper-arkiston hallinta
6. Listaa kaikki määritetyt arkistot zypper repos- tai zypper lr -komennoilla.
# zypper repos OR # zypper lr | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+-------- 1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No 2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes 3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes 4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes 5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes 6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | Yes | Yes 7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes 8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes 9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes
7. Listaa zypper URI pöydälle.
# zypper lr -u # | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh | URI --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No | cd:///?devices=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-VBOX_CD-ROM_VB2-01700376 2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/ 3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/update/13.2/ 4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/update/13.2-non-oss/ 5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/13.2/repo/non-oss/ 6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/ 7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/source/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/ 8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.2/ 9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.2-non-oss/
8. Luettele arkiston prioriteetti ja luettelo prioriteetin mukaan.
# zypper lr -P # | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh | Priority --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+---------+--------- 1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No | 99 2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes | 99 3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes | 99 4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes | 99 5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | 85 6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | Yes | Yes | 99 7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes | 99 8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes | 99 9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | 99
9. Päivitä zypper-arkistot komennoilla zypper refresh tai zypper ref.
# zypper refresh OR # zypper ref Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' is up to date. All repositories have been refreshed.
10. Päivitä tietty tietovarasto sanomalla "repo-non-oss" kirjoittamalla:
# zypper refresh repo-non-oss Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' is up to date. Specified repositories have been refreshed.
11. Pakota päivitettävä arkisto sanomalla ”repo-non-oss” kirjoittamalla:
# zypper ref -f repo-non-oss Forcing raw metadata refresh Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ............................................................[done] Forcing building of repository cache Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ............................................................[done] Specified repositories have been refreshed.
Tässä käytämme komentoja "zypper modifyrepo" tai "zypper mr", jotta zypper-arkistot voidaan poistaa käytöstä.
12. Ennen kuin arkisto poistetaan käytöstä, sinun on tiedettävä, että Zypperissä jokaisella arkistolla on oma yksilöllinen numero, jota käytetään arkiston poistamiseen käytöstä tai käyttöönotosta.
Oletetaan, että haluat poistaa arkiston repo-oss käytöstä, poista ensin käytöstä sen numero kirjoittamalla seuraava komento.
# zypper lr # | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+-------- 1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No 2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes 3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes 4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes 5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes 6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | No | Yes 7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes 8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes 9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes
Näetkö yllä olevasta lähdöstä, että arkisto "repo-oss", jolla on numero 6, tämän poistamiseksi käytöstä on määritettävä numero 6 ja seuraava komento.
# zypper mr -d 6 Repository 'repo-oss' has been successfully disabled.
13. Ota uudelleen käyttöön sama arkisto ”repo-oss”, joka näkyy numerossa 6 (kuten yllä olevassa esimerkissä on esitetty).
# zypper mr -e 6 Repository 'repo-oss' has been successfully enabled.
14. Ota automaattinen päivitys ja rpm-tiedoston välimuisti käyttöön repo-sanan "repo-non-oss" kohdalle ja aseta prioriteetti sanalle 85.
# zypper mr -rk -p 85 repo-non-oss Repository 'repo-non-oss' priority has been left unchanged (85) Nothing to change for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
15. Poista rpm-tiedostojen välimuisti käytöstä kaikista arkistoista.
# zypper mr -Ka RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-source'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
16. Ota rpm-tiedoston välimuisti käyttöön kaikissa arkistoissa.
# zypper mr -ka RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-source'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
17. Poista rpm-tiedostojen välimuisti etätietovarastoista.
# zypper mr -Kt RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-source'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
18. Ota rpm-tiedostojen välimuisti käyttöön etätietovarastoille.
# zypper mr -kt RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-source'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
Voit käyttää mitä tahansa kahdesta komennosta - 'zypper addrepo' tai 'zypper ar'. Voit käyttää repo-URL-osoitetta tai aliasta lisätäksesi arkiston.
19. Lisää arkisto sanomalla "http://download.opensuse.org/update/12.3/".
# zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/update/11.1/ update Adding repository 'update' .............................................................................................................................................................[done] Repository 'update' successfully added Enabled : Yes Autorefresh : No GPG check : Yes URI : http://download.opensuse.org/update/11.1/
20. Nimeä arkisto uudelleen. Se muuttaa vain aliaksen. Voit käyttää komentoa "zypper namerepo" tai "zypper nr". Jos haluat nimetä uudelleen nimeksi 10 (zypper lr) ilmestyvän repon aliaksen vaihtamisen päivitykseen8, suorita alla oleva komento.
# zypper nr 10 upd8 Repository 'update' renamed to 'upd8'.
21. Poista arkisto. Se poistaa arkiston järjestelmästä. Voit käyttää komentoa "zypper removerepo" tai "zypper rr". Poista repo sanomalla ”upd8” suorittamalla alla oleva komento.
# zypper rr upd8 # Removing repository 'upd8' .........................................................................................[done] Repository 'upd8' has been removed.
Pakettien hallinta Zypperillä
22. Zypperin avulla voimme asentaa paketteja kyvyn nimen perusteella. Voit esimerkiksi asentaa paketin (esimerkiksi Mozilla Firefox) kyvyn nimellä.
# zypper in MozillaFirefox Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 128 NEW packages are going to be installed: adwaita-icon-theme at-spi2-atk-common at-spi2-atk-gtk2 at-spi2-core cantarell-fonts cups-libs desktop-file-utils fontconfig gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders gstreamer gstreamer-fluendo-mp3 gstreamer-plugins-base gtk2-branding-openSUSE gtk2-data gtk2-immodule-amharic gtk2-immodule-inuktitut gtk2-immodule-thai gtk2-immodule-vietnamese gtk2-metatheme-adwaita gtk2-theming-engine-adwaita gtk2-tools gtk3-data gtk3-metatheme-adwaita gtk3-tools hicolor-icon-theme hicolor-icon-theme-branding-openSUSE libasound2 libatk-1_0-0 libatk-bridge-2_0-0 libatspi0 libcairo2 libcairo-gobject2 libcanberra0 libcanberra-gtk0 libcanberra-gtk2-module libcanberra-gtk3-0 libcanberra-gtk3-module libcanberra-gtk-module-common libcdda_interface0 libcdda_paranoia0 libcolord2 libdrm2 libdrm_intel1 libdrm_nouveau2 libdrm_radeon1 libFLAC8 libfreebl3 libgbm1 libgdk_pixbuf-2_0-0 libgraphite2-3 libgstapp-1_0-0 libgstaudio-1_0-0 libgstpbutils-1_0-0 libgstreamer-1_0-0 libgstriff-1_0-0 libgsttag-1_0-0 libgstvideo-1_0-0 libgthread-2_0-0 libgtk-2_0-0 libgtk-3-0 libharfbuzz0 libjasper1 libjbig2 libjpeg8 libjson-c2 liblcms2-2 libLLVM libltdl7 libnsssharedhelper0 libogg0 liborc-0_4-0 libpackagekit-glib2-18 libpango-1_0-0 libpciaccess0 libpixman-1-0 libpulse0 libsndfile1 libsoftokn3 libspeex1 libsqlite3-0 libstartup-notification-1-0 libtheoradec1 libtheoraenc1 libtiff5 libvisual libvorbis0 libvorbisenc2 libvorbisfile3 libwayland-client0 libwayland-cursor0 libwayland-server0 libX11-xcb1 libxcb-dri2-0 libxcb-dri3-0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-present0 libxcb-render0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-sync1 libxcb-util1 libxcb-xfixes0 libXcomposite1 libXcursor1 libXdamage1 libXevie1 libXfixes3 libXft2 libXi6 libXinerama1 libxkbcommon-0_4_3 libXrandr2 libXrender1 libxshmfence1 libXtst6 libXv1 libXxf86vm1 Mesa Mesa-libEGL1 Mesa-libGL1 Mesa-libglapi0 metatheme-adwaita-common MozillaFirefox MozillaFirefox-branding-openSUSE mozilla-nss mozilla-nss-certs PackageKit-gstreamer-plugin pango-tools sound-theme-freedesktop The following 10 recommended packages were automatically selected: gstreamer-fluendo-mp3 gtk2-branding-openSUSE gtk2-data gtk2-immodule-amharic gtk2-immodule-inuktitut gtk2-immodule-thai gtk2-immodule-vietnamese libcanberra0 libpulse0 PackageKit-gstreamer-plugin 128 new packages to install. Overall download size: 77.2 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 200.0 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y Retrieving package cantarell-fonts-0.0.16-1.1.noarch (1/128), 74.1 KiB (115.6 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: cantarell-fonts-0.0.16-1.1.noarch.rpm .........................................................................................................................[done (63.4 KiB/s)] Retrieving package hicolor-icon-theme-0.13-2.1.2.noarch (2/128), 40.1 KiB ( 50.5 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: hicolor-icon-theme-0.13-2.1.2.noarch.rpm ...................................................................................................................................[done] Retrieving package sound-theme-freedesktop-0.8-7.1.2.noarch (3/128), 372.6 KiB (460.3 KiB unpacked)
23. Asenna paketti (sano gcc) version avulla.
# zypper in 'gcc<5.1' Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed: cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49 13 new packages to install. Overall download size: 14.5 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
24. Asenna paketti (sano gcc) arkkitehtuurille (sano i586).
# zypper in gcc.i586 Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed: cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49 13 new packages to install. Overall download size: 14.5 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y Retrieving package libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64 (1/13), 74.2 KiB (166.9 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64.rpm .......................................................................................................................[done (79.2 KiB/s)] Retrieving package libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64 (2/13), 14.3 KiB ( 26.1 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm ...............................................................................................................[done (55.3 KiB/s)]
25. Asenna paketti (sano gcc) tietylle arkkitehtuurille (esimerkiksi i586) ja tietylle versiolle (sano <5.1),
# zypper in 'gcc.i586<5.1' Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed: cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49 13 new packages to install. Overall download size: 14.4 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y In cache libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64.rpm (1/13), 74.2 KiB (166.9 KiB unpacked) In cache libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm (2/13), 14.3 KiB ( 26.1 KiB unpacked) In cache libgomp1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm (3/13), 41.1 KiB ( 90.7 KiB unpacked)
26. Asenna paketti (sanotaan libxine) arkistosta (amarok).
# zypper in amarok upd:libxine1 Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 202 NEW packages are going to be installed: amarok bundle-lang-kde-en clamz cups-libs enscript fontconfig gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders ghostscript-fonts-std gptfdisk gstreamer gstreamer-plugins-base hicolor-icon-theme hicolor-icon-theme-branding-openSUSE htdig hunspell hunspell-tools icoutils ispell ispell-american kde4-filesystem kdebase4-runtime kdebase4-runtime-branding-openSUSE kdelibs4 kdelibs4-branding-openSUSE kdelibs4-core kdialog libakonadi4 l .....
27. Asenna paketti (sano git) nimellä (-n).
# zypper in -n git Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 35 NEW packages are going to be installed: cvs cvsps fontconfig git git-core git-cvs git-email git-gui gitk git-svn git-web libserf-1-1 libsqlite3-0 libXft2 libXrender1 libXss1 perl-Authen-SASL perl-Clone perl-DBD-SQLite perl-DBI perl-Error perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-MLDBM perl-Net-Daemon perl-Net-SMTP-SSL perl-Net-SSLeay perl-Params-Util perl-PlRPC perl-SQL-Statement perl-Term-ReadKey subversion subversion-perl tcl tk xhost The following 13 recommended packages were automatically selected: git-cvs git-email git-gui gitk git-svn git-web perl-Authen-SASL perl-Clone perl-MLDBM perl-Net-Daemon perl-Net-SMTP-SSL perl-PlRPC perl-SQL-Statement The following package is suggested, but will not be installed: git-daemon 35 new packages to install. Overall download size: 15.6 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 56.7 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
28. Asenna paketti jokerimerkkien avulla. Asenna esimerkiksi kaikki php5-paketit.
# zypper in php5*
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...
Problem: php5-5.6.1-18.1.x86_64 requires smtp_daemon, but this requirement cannot be provided
uninstallable providers: exim-4.83-3.1.8.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
exim-4.83-3.1.8.i586[repo-oss]
msmtp-mta-1.4.32-2.1.3.i586[repo-oss]
postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.i586[repo-oss]
sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.i586[repo-oss]
exim-4.83-3.1.8.x86_64[repo-oss]
msmtp-mta-1.4.32-2.1.3.x86_64[repo-oss]
postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.x86_64[repo-oss]
sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.x86_64[repo-oss]
postfix-2.11.3-5.5.1.i586[repo-update]
postfix-2.11.3-5.5.1.x86_64[repo-update]
Solution 1: Following actions will be done:
do not install php5-5.6.1-18.1.x86_64
do not install php5-pear-Auth_SASL-1.0.6-7.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Http-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Image-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Kolab_Format-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Ldap-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Memcache-2.0.1-7.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Mime-2.0.2-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Oauth-2.0.0-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Pdf-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
....
29. Asenna paketti (sanoa lamp_server) käyttämällä mallia (pakettiryhmä).
# zypper in -t pattern lamp_server ading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 29 NEW packages are going to be installed: apache2 apache2-doc apache2-example-pages apache2-mod_perl apache2-prefork patterns-openSUSE-lamp_server perl-Data-Dump perl-Encode-Locale perl-File-Listing perl-HTML-Parser perl-HTML-Tagset perl-HTTP-Cookies perl-HTTP-Daemon perl-HTTP-Date perl-HTTP-Message perl-HTTP-Negotiate perl-IO-HTML perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-libwww-perl perl-Linux-Pid perl-LWP-MediaTypes perl-LWP-Protocol-https perl-Net-HTTP perl-Net-SSLeay perl-Tie-IxHash perl-TimeDate perl-URI perl-WWW-RobotRules yast2-http-server The following NEW pattern is going to be installed: lamp_server The following 10 recommended packages were automatically selected: apache2 apache2-doc apache2-example-pages apache2-mod_perl apache2-prefork perl-Data-Dump perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-LWP-Protocol-https perl-TimeDate yast2-http-server 29 new packages to install. Overall download size: 7.2 MiB. Already cached: 1.2 MiB After the operation, additional 34.7 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y):
30. Asenna paketti (sanoa nano) ja poista paketti (sano vi) yhdellä kertaa.
# zypper in nano -vi Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... '-vi' not found in package names. Trying capabilities. Resolving package dependencies... The following 2 NEW packages are going to be installed: nano nano-lang The following package is going to be REMOVED: vim The following recommended package was automatically selected: nano-lang 2 new packages to install, 1 to remove. Overall download size: 550.0 KiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, 463.3 KiB will be freed. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): ...
31. Asenna rpm-paketti (sanoa teamviewer).
# zypper in teamviewer*.rpm Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 24 NEW packages are going to be installed: alsa-oss-32bit fontconfig-32bit libasound2-32bit libexpat1-32bit libfreetype6-32bit libgcc_s1-gcc49-32bit libICE6-32bit libjpeg62-32bit libpng12-0-32bit libpng16-16-32bit libSM6-32bit libuuid1-32bit libX11-6-32bit libXau6-32bit libxcb1-32bit libXdamage1-32bit libXext6-32bit libXfixes3-32bit libXinerama1-32bit libXrandr2-32bit libXrender1-32bit libXtst6-32bit libz1-32bit teamviewer The following recommended package was automatically selected: alsa-oss-32bit 24 new packages to install. Overall download size: 41.2 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 119.7 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): ..
32. Voit poistaa minkä tahansa paketin käyttämällä komentoja zypper remove tai zypper rm. Voit esimerkiksi poistaa paketin (esimerkiksi apache2) suorittamalla:
# zypper remove apache2 Or # zypper rm apache2 Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 2 packages are going to be REMOVED: apache2 apache2-prefork 2 packages to remove. After the operation, 4.2 MiB will be freed. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y (1/2) Removing apache2-2.4.10-19.1 ........................................................................[done] (2/2) Removing apache2-prefork-2.4.10-19.1 ................................................................[done]
33. Päivitä kaikki paketit. Voit käyttää komentoja 'zypper update' tai 'zypper up'.
# zypper up OR # zypper update Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Nothing to do.
34. Päivitä tietyt paketit (esimerkiksi apache2 ja openssh).
# zypper up apache2 openssh Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... No update candidate for 'apache2-2.4.10-19.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. No update candidate for 'openssh-6.6p1-5.1.3.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. Resolving package dependencies... Nothing to do.
35. Asenna paketti say (mariadb), jos sitä ei ole asennettu, päivitä se.
# zypper in mariadb Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... 'mariadb' is already installed. No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. Resolving package dependencies... Nothing to do.
Voit käyttää paketteja lähteestä käyttämällä komentoja 'zypper source-install' tai 'zypper si'.
36. Asenna lähdekoodipaketit ja rakenna niiden riippuvuudet paketille (sano mariadb).
# zypper si mariadb Reading installed packages... Loading repository data... Resolving package dependencies... The following 36 NEW packages are going to be installed: autoconf automake bison cmake cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 gcc48-c++ gcc-c++ libaio-devel libarchive13 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libedit-devel libevent-devel libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libltdl7 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libopenssl-devel libstdc++48-devel libtool libtsan0-gcc49 m4 make ncurses-devel pam-devel readline-devel site-config tack tcpd-devel zlib-devel The following source package is going to be installed: mariadb 36 new packages to install, 1 source package. Overall download size: 71.5 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB After the operation, additional 183.9 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
37. Asenna vain paketin lähde (esimerkiksi mariadb).
# zypper in -D mariadb Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... 'mariadb' is already installed. No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. Resolving package dependencies... Nothing to do.
38. Asenna vain pakettien koontiversiot (esimerkiksi mariadb).
# zypper si -d mariadb Reading installed packages... Loading repository data... Resolving package dependencies... The following 36 NEW packages are going to be installed: autoconf automake bison cmake cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 gcc48-c++ gcc-c++ libaio-devel libarchive13 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libedit-devel libevent-devel libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libltdl7 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libopenssl-devel libstdc++48-devel libtool libtsan0-gcc49 m4 make ncurses-devel pam-devel readline-devel site-config tack tcpd-devel zlib-devel The following package is recommended, but will not be installed due to conflicts or dependency issues: readline-doc 36 new packages to install. Overall download size: 33.7 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB After the operation, additional 144.3 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
39. Asenna paketti (esimerkiksi mariadb) ilman käyttäjän vuorovaikutusta.
# zypper --non-interactive in mariadb Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... 'mariadb' is already installed. No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. Resolving package dependencies... Nothing to do.
40. Poista paketti (esimerkiksi mariadb) ilman käyttäjän vuorovaikutusta.
# zypper --non-interactive rm mariadb Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following package is going to be REMOVED: mariadb 1 package to remove. After the operation, 71.8 MiB will be freed. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y (1/1) Removing mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1 .............................................................................[done]
41. Tulosta vetoketju xml: nä.
# zypper --xmlout Usage: zypper [--global-options] <command> [--command-options] [arguments] Global Options ....
42. Luo hiljainen lähtö asennuksen yhteydessä.
# zypper --quiet in mariadb The following NEW package is going to be installed: mariadb 1 new package to install. Overall download size: 0 B. Already cached: 7.8 MiB After the operation, additional 71.8 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): ...
43. Luo hiljainen lähtö YK-asennuksessa.
# zypper --quiet rm mariadb
44. Automaattinen hyväksyntä lisensseille/sopimuksille.
# zypper patch --auto-agree-with-licenses Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... Nothing to do.
45. Jos haluat puhdistaa vain zypper-välimuistin, voit käyttää seuraavaa komentoa.
# zypper clean All repositories have been cleaned up.
Jos haluat puhdistaa metatiedot ja pakettivälimuistin kerralla, saatat haluta välittää –all/-a zypper: llä nimellä.
# zypper clean -a All repositories have been cleaned up.
46. Voit tarkastella kaikkien asennettujen, päivitettyjen tai poistettujen pakettien lokeja zypperin kautta kirjautumalla sisään/var/log/zypp/history. Voit kattaa sen katsellaksesi tai käyttää suodatinta saadaksesi mukautetun tuloksen.
# cat /var/log/zypp/history 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|boost-license1_54_0|1.54.0-10.1.3|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|0523b909d2aae5239f9841316dafaf3a37b4f096| 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|branding-openSUSE|13.2-3.6.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|6609def94b1987bf3f90a9467f4f7ab8f8d98a5c| 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|bundle-lang-common-en|13.2-3.3.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|ca55694e6fdebee6ce37ac7cf3725e2aa6edc342| 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|insserv-compat|0.1-12.2.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|6160de7fbf961a279591a83a1550093a581214d9| 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|libX11-data|1.6.2-5.1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|f1cb58364ba9016c1f93b1a383ba12463c56885a| 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|libnl-config|3.2.25-2.1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|aab2ded312a781e93b739b418e3d32fe4e187020| 2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|wireless-regdb|2014.06.13-1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|be8cb16f3e92af12b5ceb977e37e13f03c007bd1| 2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|yast2-trans-en_US|3.1.0-2.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|1865754e5e0ec3c149ac850b340bcca55a3c404d| 2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|yast2-trans-stats|2.19.0-16.1.3|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|b107d2b3e702835885b57b04d12d25539f262d1a| 2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|cracklib-dict-full|2.8.12-64.1.2|x86_64||openSUSE-13.2-0|08bd45dbba7ad44e3a4837f730be76f55ad5dcfa| ......
47. Voit käyttää dist-upgrade -vaihtoehtoa zypper-komennolla päivittääksesi nykyisen Suse Linuxin uusimpaan versioon.
# zypper dist-upgrade You are about to do a distribution upgrade with all enabled repositories. Make sure these repositories are compatible before you continue. See 'man zypper' for more information about this command. Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0' cache .....................................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' metadata ............................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' cache .................................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ..........................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ...............................................................[done]
Tässä kaikki tältä erää. Toivottavasti tämä artikkeli auttaa sinua hallitsemaan SUSE-järjestelmää ja -palvelinta erityisesti aloittelijoille. Jos sinusta tuntuu, että olen jättänyt tiettyjä komentoja (Ihminen on virheellinen), voit antaa meille palautetta kommenteissa, jotta voimme päivittää artikkelin. Pidä yhteyttä, jatka kommentointia, pysy kuulolla. Maine!